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The 4-box model, also known as the four-party model, is the foundation of modern payment card systems. It describes the collaboration between four key players—cardholder, merchant, issuer, and acquirer—that enables seamless transactions at POS terminals, ATMs, and online platforms. Facilitated by card schemes like Visa and Mastercard, this model ensures billions of transactions are processed securely and efficiently worldwide.

In this article, we dive into the structure, history, and significance of the 4-box model, offering insights from decades of expertise in payment processing.

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The global payment ecosystems continues to evolve with technologies like AI, tokenisation, and real-time payments.

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