Placeholder
At its core, the 4-box model involves four stakeholders, each with distinct roles:
- Cardholder: The individual or entity using a credit, debit, or prepaid card to make a purchase or access funds. They initiate transactions and rely on issuers for account management.
- Merchant: The business or platform accepting the card payment. Merchants process transactions via POS, ATMs, or online gateways and receive funds from acquirers.
- Issuer: The financial institution issuing the card. Issuers authenticate cardholders, authorize transactions, and manage credit or funds.
- Acquirer: The bank or processor enabling merchants to accept card payments. Acquirers route transactions and deposit funds into merchant accounts.
Card schemes (e.g., Visa, Mastercard) act as the glue, connecting issuers and acquirers through standardized rules and networks.
What is Authorisation?
Summary
What is Clearing?
Summary
What is Settlement?
Summary
What is an Issuer?
Summary
What is an Acquirer?
Summary
What is a Card Scheme?
Summary
Explore the Future of Payments
The global payment ecosystems continues to evolve with technologies like AI, tokenisation, and real-time payments.
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